Albanien är ett litet bergigt land på Balkanhalvön med kust mot Adriatiska havet. [124], A medical study from 2008 in Tirana on the relationship between religious observance and acute coronary syndrome found out that 67% of Muslims and 55% of Christians were completely religiously non-observant. After years in exile in Germany, Noli returned to the United States in 1932, studied at Harvard, translated Shakespeare into Albanian and Orthodox Scriptures and services into English, and led the Albanian Orthodox community in this country until his death in 1965. Muslims believe Muhammad is the final of all religious prophets (beginning with Abraham) and that the Qu'ran, which is the Islamic scripture, was revealed to him by God. However, this division does not apply nowadays. kropssproget for ja og nej er omvendt i Albanien (i forhold til de fleste andre lande) According to other older sources, up to 75 percent of the population in Albania has declared no religious affiliation since the early 1990s. Since the early 4th century AD, Christianity had become the established religion in the Roman Empire, supplanting pagan polytheism and eclipsing for the most part the humanistic world outlook and institutions inherited from the Greek and Roman civilizations. [48][49] Like in the North, conversion was achieved through a diverse motley of violent, coercive[50] and non-coercive means, but raised taxes were the main factor. In the early 19th century, in accordance with the Protestant practice of making the Scriptures available to all people in their common tongue, the British and Foreign Bible Society began to make plans for the translation, printing, and distribution of the New Testament in Albanian. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries. Many protestant theologies emphasize the primary role of scripture in their faith, advocating individual interpretation of Christian texts without the mediation of a final religious authority such as the Roman Pope. Religione. Christianity spread to the region during the 4th century. Most Albanian regions belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church after the schism, but regional Albanian populations gradually became Catholic to secure their independence from various Orthodox political entities[9][10][11] and conversions to Catholicism would be especially notable under the aegis of the Kingdom of Albania. Adherents simultaneously worship Jesus Christ and Palauan goddesses. Page 8-11, Schmitt, Oliver Jens. There is also a relatively small minority which belongs to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. The Christian Orthodox community, 425 Orthodox churches. He was martyred along with his mother Anthia during the anti-Christian campaign of Hadrian.[6]. London: C. Hurst & co., 1975. Albanism was substituted for religion, and officials and schoolteachers were called "apostles" and "missionaries." Beginning in 1967 the Albanian authorities began a violent campaign to try to eliminate religious life in Albania. Wenn man zum ersten Mal nach Albanien kommt, in dieses kleine, verrufene, stolze Land, dann fällt einem als erstes auf: Die Fahrweise der Albaner ist genauso, wie man sich das vorgestellt hat. 21.11.2020 14:25 Uhr Wildes Albanien Im Land der Adler | hr-fernsehen The Shia believe Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the only divinely ordained Imam (religious leader), while the Sunni maintain the first three caliphs after Muhammad were also legitimate authorities. ), Hinduism is an extremely diverse set of beliefs and practices with no single founder or religious authority. While in the first decade of the 17th century, Central and Northern Albania remained firmly Catholic (according to Vatican reports, Muslims were no more than 10% in Northern Albania[44]), by the middle of the 17th century, 30–50% of Northern Albania had converted to Islam, while by 1634 most of Kosovo had also converted. [58] The Italians attempted to win the sympathies of the Muslim Albanian population by proposing to build a large mosque in Rome, though the Vatican opposed this measure and nothing came of it in the end. Artister og sange; DMGP 2019; Interviews; Rainbow News. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster ("Over 50% of Albanians claim 'no religious alliance.'") Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. After the fall of communism, in 1998, it was reported that there were 42 Bektashi tekkes in Albania. Its bishopric had been Catholic since 1167. Variants Ismaili faith: A sect of Shia Islam, its adherents are also known as "Seveners," because they believe that the rightful seventh Imam in Islamic leadership was Isma'il, the elder son of Imam Jafar al-Sadiq. There are also 68 vocational training centers administered by religious communities. Factbook > Countries > Albania > Demographics, note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice. Source: CIA World Factbook - This page was last updated on Friday, November 27, 2020, Muslim 56.7%, Roman Catholic 10%, Orthodox 6.8%, atheist 2.5%, Bektashi (a Sufi order) 2.1%, other 5.7%, unspecified 16.2%. Dr Olav Fykse Tveit has expressed concern at the methodology and results of the Albania Census 2011. Zoroastrianism is generally a closed religion and members are almost always born to Zoroastrian parents. [133], The Orthodox percentage reported might be lower than the actual value due to boycotts of the census, but also because the census staff failed to contact a very large number of people in the south which is traditionally an Orthodox stronghold. In 1923, following the government program, the Albanian Muslim congress convened at Tirana decided to break with the Caliphate, established a new form of prayer (standing, instead of the traditional salah ritual), banished polygamy and did away with the mandatory use of veil (hijab) by women in public, which had been forced on the urban population by the Ottomans during the occupation. Im Kommunismus war die Religionsausübung verboten, erst nach der Wende 1990 wurde das Verbot aufgehoben. [16] According to Etleva Lala, on the edge of the Albanian line in the north was Prizren, which was also an Orthodox bishopric albeit with some Catholic parochial churches,[17] in 1372 received a Catholic bishop due to close relations between the Balsha family and the Papacy. Albanien flagga. Den albanska befolkningen har ökat fyra till fem gånger snabbare än det årliga snittet i de övriga europeiska länderna. Albanian Jews, predominantly Sephardi, have only constituted a very small percentage of the population in modern times . In 1673 the charismatic Jewish prophet Sabbatai Zevi was exiled by the Turkish sultan to the Albanian port of Ulqin, now in Montenegro, dying there some years later. The paradox, then, is that Kadare is a humanist who claims that the greatest riches of Albanian culture derive from its Christian tradition." The Orthodox Christian faith shares many theological tenets with the Roman Catholic Church, but diverges on some key premises and does not recognize the governing authority of the Pope. "Religion separates, patriotism unites." Christianity is one of the three monotheistic Abrahamic faiths, along with Islam and Judaism, which traces its spiritual lineage to Abraham of the Hebrew Scriptures. Ortodokse Jul Tirsdag, Januar 7 2020-01-07. "Venezia e l’Albania", ‘’Rassegna Italiana’’, version 14. Atheism: the belief that there are no deities of any kind. Eine der Religionen in Albanien mit den meisten Anhängern des Islam, die größte Minderheit ist das Christentum. "Aspects of Islamization in Çamëri". Källa: CIA World Factbook 2020/10. Christianity was declared by 16.99% of the population, making it the 2nd largest religion in the country. Ecclesiastical records during the Slavic invasions are slim. Liste over helligdage i Albanien :: 2020. Official slogans began to appear everywhere. [72] One of the major legacies of nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule was that the majority of Albanians, had converted to Islam. There are no official statistics regarding the number of practicing religious people per each religious group. Save . Frequent praying (at least 2 to 3 times per week) was higher in Christians (29%) than in Muslims (17%) Praying several times daily (as required of devout Muslims) was rare (2% in Muslims and 3% in Christians). [96], Some well known Albanian contemporary atheists include Ismail Kadare, Dritëro Agolli,[97] Ben Blushi,[98] Fatos Lubonja,[99] Mustafa Nano,[100] Saimir Pirgu,[101] Diana Çuli,[102]Elton Deda[103] Fatos Tarifa,[104] Edmond Tupja [sq],[105] Ylli Rakipi [sq],[106] Gilman Bakalli,[107]Blendi Fevziu [108] and Moikom Zeqo [sq]. Page 11. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFischer1999 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCrampton2014 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoehm1994 (, "Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation". Kostandin Kristoforidhi also joined the Society to translate the Scriptures in both Geg and Tosk dialects. Shintoism - A native animist tradition of Japan, Shinto practice is based upon the premise that every being and object has its own spirit or kami. Das Preisniveau für Verbrauchsgüter und Dienstleistungen in Albanien betrug 2019 rund 55,1 Prozent des EU-Durchschnitts. Page 86: "In 1739, twenty-five villages in Thesprotia were forced to convert to Islam en masse. [22] As Catholic power in the Balkans expanded with Albania as a stronghold, Catholic structures began appearing as far afield as Skopje (which was a mostly Serbian Orthodoxy city at the time[23]) in 1326, with the election of the local bishop there being presided upon by the Pope himself;[24] in the following year, 1327, Skopje sees a Dominican appointed. [59][60], The Catholic Church and many Catholics were supportive of the invasion, but Fischer states there were many exceptions, particularly of among the village priests since most of them were trained in Albania and were quite nationalistic. Another, though smaller, Sufi-influenced sect of Muslims in Albania are the Halvetis. The bishopric of Vlore also converted immediately following the founding of the Kingdom of Albania. Though the country was in the fold of Byzantium, Christians in the region remained under the jurisdiction of the Roman pope until 732. Bild: Patrick Holmström Albanien,religion (fenomen) ... Årets bästa böcker 2020 – de här kvalade in till kvällens bokvaka. [5] The steady growth of the Christian community in Dyrrhachium (the Roman name for Epidamnus) led to the creation of a local bishopric in 58 AD. "In his country." –, Goring, Rosemary (ed). Haitian and Louisiana Voodoo, which have included more Catholic practices, are separate from West African Vodun, which has retained a focus on spirit worship.Non-religious Agnosticism: the belief that most things are unknowable. Agnosticism: the belief that most things are unknowable. Metropolitan Theofan Fan Noli established the Albanian Orthodox Mission under the American diocese. According to the 2007–2008 Gallup polls, 63% of Albanians state that religion does not play an important role in their lives. Albanien und Mazedonien und Kosovo sind 80'Prozent der Albaner Muslime und warum gibt es da kein Streit? historia nuk ribëhet", "Albanian Census of 1918: Population Data and Religious Confessions", Prifti: Në Shqipëri ka një axhendë anti-ortodokse [Prifti: In Albania, there is an Anti-Orthodox agenda], "Katolikët kundër Censusit: Do të regjistrojmë besimtarët – Arkiva Shqiptare e Lajmeve", "Censusi, shumë prej pyetjeve plotësoheshin nga vetë anketuesit", "Regjistrimi: 70% e banorëve nuk kanë deklaruar besimin fetar", "Censusi permbys fete, 70 per qind refuzojne ose nuk e deklarojne besimin", "Tiranë: Në Shqipëri ka 1119 kisha dhe 638 xhami e teqe – August 18, 2008", "Raport ekskluziv / Në Shqipëri ka 638 xhami dhe 1119 kisha", "International Religious Freedom Report 2004: Albania", Kisha Katolike Shkodër, Shkodra Catholic Church, Famullia Gjakovë, Gjakova Catholic Church, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Albania&oldid=994996359, Articles with dead external links from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles containing Albanian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Articles that may contain original research from June 2018, All articles that may contain original research, Self-contradictory articles from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from July 2017, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with Albanian-language sources (sq), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 17:12. 07:12. Hinduism - Originating in the Vedic civilization of India (second and first millennium B.C. There were some reported cases where workers filled out the questionnaire about religion without even asking the participants or that the workers used pencils which were not allowed. There is no known direct relation of Alevjans to Turkish Alevis or Syrian Alawites except their ambiguous position between Sunnism and Shi'ism, also a characteristic of Bektashism. The Albanians first appear in the historical record in Byzantine sources of the 11th century. RELIGIONE CATTOLICA Anno Scolastico: 2019/2020 Insegnante: Tarozzi Silvia. The goal of religious life is to learn to act so as to finally achieve liberation (moksha) of one's soul, escaping the rebirth cycle. Religion is not taught in public schools. Jelavich, Barbara. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. [42] Further south, progress was slower. Kirant: the belief system of the Kirat, a people who live mainly in the Himalayas of Nepal. [68], The atheistic campaign had significant results especially to the Greek minority, since religion which was now criminalized was traditionally an integral part of its cultural life and identity.[69]. The Albanian Constitution declares no official religion and provides for equality of all religions; however, the predominant religious communities (Bektashi, Sunni Muslim, Orthodox and Roman Catholic) enjoy a greater degree of official recognition (e.g. Shamanistic beliefs are organized around a shaman or medicine man who - as an intermediary between the human and spirit world - is believed to be able to heal the sick (by healing their souls), communicate with the spirit world, and help souls into the afterlife through the practice of entering a trance. Many Albanians embraced Islam in different ways. (2010), ‘’Religion und Kultur im albanischschprachen sudosteuropen’’. Albanien var det sidste land i Europa, som opgav kommunismen i 1991, da det kommunistiske styre blev opløst efter næsten 50 år. Catholicism still prevailed in the Northwestern regions surrounding Lezha and Shkodra, as well as a few pockets in Kosovo in and around Gjakova, Peja, Vitina, Prizren and Klina. The Book of Mormon maintains there was an appearance of Jesus in the New World following the Christian account of his resurrection, and that the Americas are uniquely blessed continents. Buddhism ascribes to a karmic system of rebirth. [41] While the tax levied on Albanian Christians in the 1500s amounted to about 45 akçes, in the mid-1600s, it was 780 akçes. [76] On the census Halvetis are not reported and are usually grouped under generalized "Muslims", although in public discourse they are frequently grouped with Bektashis. Dette medførte en massiv udvandring af albanere til diverse kristne europæiske lande. During the Ottoman period, most Christians as well as most Muslims employed a degree of syncretism, still practicing various pagan rites; many of these rites are best preserved among mystical orders like the Bektashi. teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Gautama Buddha "the enlightened one"). Istituto Comprensivo 4 di Modena Via Divisione Acqui, 160 - 41122 Modena (MO) Tel. Religious institutions were forbidden to have anything to do with the education of the young, because that had been made the exclusive province of the state. Respect for the kamis in nature is a key Shinto value. The Rufais originated in Iraq as the "Rifa'is", from the teachings of the jurist Ahmad ibn 'Ali al-Rifa'i. Fakta om Albanien. Atheism: the belief that there are no deities of any kind. Rund 2,8 Millionen Menschen leben in Albanien. Provides an overview of Albania, including key events and facts about this European country. Although there were tactical variations in First Secretary of the Communist Party Enver Hoxha's approach to each of the major denominations, his overarching objective was the eventual destruction of all organized religion in Albania. Religious freedoms have in large part been secured by the generally amicable relationship among religions. 2020 coronavirus pandemic in Albania. In the late 19th century the Society's workers traveled throughout Albania distributing Bibles, under the leadership of Gjerasim Qiriazi who converted, preached the Gospel in Korça, and became the head of the first "Evangelical Brotherhood". Euro 2020, Albania-Francia 0-2: highlights 17 novembre 2019 Tolisso e Griezmann rovinano la festa alla nazionale di Reja. Saldi! Depends on which kind of Albanians you are referring to. The remaining portion of the population is either irreligious or belongs to other religious groups.[111]. Officials tried to entrap practicing Christians and Muslims during religious fasts, such as Lent and Ramadan, by distributing dairy products and other forbidden foods in school and at work, and then publicly denouncing those who refused the food, and clergy who conducted secret services were incarcerated.[62]. John Murray, 'The Orphan's Voice', "Instantanés d’Albaníe, un autre regard sur les Balkans" (2005), Etudiants en Tourisme et Actions Patrimoniales. Modern Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform/Liberal.
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