However, things changed after the fall of Byzantine Empire in 1204. But the majority of Albanians live and are citizens of nations outside of Albania. The former was limited to coastal towns while the latter was spread out over the countryside, and while the language of the Albanians was noted as quite different from Latin, both peoples are noted as writing with Latin letters. When Albania came under Ottoman influence in the 15th century the Orthodox people of Albania were members of the Archbishopric of Ohrid which was officially recognized by the Ottoman Empire.[82]. The following centuries saw the erection of characteristic examples of Byzantine architecture such as the churches in Kosine, Mborje and Apollonia. Albania Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) Albanian communists viewed religion as a societal threat that undermined the cohesiveness of the nation. Albanien Religion Kaufen. Nytårsdag Torsdag, Januar 2 2020-01-02. [16] According to Etleva Lala, on the edge of the Albanian line in the north was Prizren, which was also an Orthodox bishopric albeit with some Catholic parochial churches,[17] in 1372 received a Catholic bishop due to close relations between the Balsha family and the Papacy. Its influence became so great, that it began to nominate local bishops. Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. Dr Olav Fykse Tveit has expressed concern at the methodology and results of the Albania Census 2011. [26], Although Serbian rulers at earlier times had at times relations with the Catholic West despite being Orthodox, as a counterbalance to Byzanitne power, and therefore tolerated the spread of Catholicism in their lands, under the reign of Stephan Dushan the Catholics were persecuted, as were also Orthodox bishops loyal to Constantinople. Many Albanians embraced Islam in different ways. Mother Teresa, an ethnic Albanian, visited the country in 1989, where she was received in Tirana by the foreign minister and by Hoxha's widow and where she laid a wreath on Hoxha's grave. Ismailis are located in various parts of the world, particularly South Asia and the Levant. Im Verlauf des gesamten Jahres wird es circa 13 035 Geburten geben sowie 8 690 Menschen werden sterben. Same religion view has Albania’s PM Edi Rama, so trying to compare him with Erdogan who is a strong muslim believer and in addition has actively acted against a secular state is a NO NO comparison and falls as an argument. ... Sidan redigerades senast den 13 november 2020 kl. The most common figures of devotion are the gods Vishnu, Shiva, and a mother goddess, Devi. The largest minorities are Vlachs; Greeks, concentrated mainly in the southeast; and Macedonians, living along the eastern border. "[57], On 7 April 1939, Albania was invaded by Italy under Benito Mussolini, which had long taken an interest in gaining dominance over Albania as an Italian sphere of influence during the interwar period. [95], Under Communist rule in 1967, Enver Hoxha persecuted and outlawed public religious practice and adopted state atheism. In Moscopole there were over 23 churches during the city's period of prosperity in the mid 18th century. Im März 2020 haben die 27 Mitglieder der EU dafür gestimmt, Beitrittsgespräche mit Albanien aufzunehmen. In this situation the good relations between the papacy and Catholic Albanians became very tight", Zhelyazkova, Antonina. "Venezia e l’Albania", ‘’Rassegna Italiana’’, version 14. Unlike Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana schools maintain the Buddha-nature is present in all beings and all will ultimately achieve enlightenment. There are also 68 vocational training centers administered by religious communities. Approximately 20% of Muslims identify themselves as having some connection to Bektashism. Metropolitan Visarion Xhuvani was part of the delegation which carried the Albanian throne to Victor Emanuel III in Rome. Islam derives from the word submission, and obedience to God is a primary theme in this religion. Both were favored by Ali Pasha and they looked after and venerated each other's holy places and tombs. In 1703 he convened the Albanian Council (Kuvendi i Arbënit) in order to organize methods to prevent further apostacy in Albania, and preserve the existence of Catholicism in the land. "[62], The clergy were publicly vilified and humiliated, their vestments taken and desecrated. ‘’Albanian Identities’’. Den albanska befolkningen har ökat fyra till fem gånger snabbare än det årliga snittet i de övriga europeiska länderna. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the College contributed in educating young clerics appointed to service on Albanian missions, as well as to the financial support of the churches. [62] Hoxha's brutal antireligious campaign succeeded in eradicating formal worship, but some Albanians continued to practice their faith clandestinely, risking severe punishment. Buddhism focuses on the goal of spiritual enlightenment centered on an understanding of Gautama Buddha's Four Noble Truths on the nature of suffering, and on the Eightfold Path of spiritual and moral practice, to break the cycle of suffering of which we are a part. Neither in government nor in the school system should favor be shown to any one faith over another. Religion in Albanien Vom Atheismus zum Islamismus . Today, these sects, the largest of them being the Halveti Order, and are organized and collectively referred to in Albania as the "Alevian Community" (Albanian: Komuniteti Alevjan) or the "Alevian Sects" (Albanian: Sektet Alevjan). Från Europas mest isolerade land under en stalinistisk kommunistregim har det fattiga Albanien gått till medlemskap i Nato och ansökan om att bli EU-medlem. Im Jahr 2020 wird sich die Bevölkerungszahl Kosovo um 1 086 Menschen erhöhen und wird am Jahresende 1 811 452 Menschen betragen. Muslims believe Muhammad is the final of all religious prophets (beginning with Abraham) and that the Qu'ran, which is the Islamic scripture, was revealed to him by God. There are also historically substantial Bektashi minorities around Elbasan, Berat, Leskovik, Perm, Saranda and Pogradec. Lanham, 2010: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. The Catholic rite was called Latin heresy and, angered in part by marriages of Serbian Orthodox with "half-believers" and the Catholic proselytization of Serbians, Dushan's code, the Zakonik contained harsh measures against them. The national hymn characterized neither Muhammad nor Jesus Christ, but King Zogu as "Shpëtimtari i Atdheut" (Savior of the Fatherland). In the North, the spread of Islam was slower due to the resistance of the Roman Catholic Church and the region's mountainous terrain. Being a secular country today, people are free to choose to believe or not, and to change their faith. Ramadan Marmullaku noted that, in the 1600s, the Ottomans organized a concerted campaign of Islamization that was not typically applied elsewhere in the Balkans, in order to ensure the loyalty of the rebellious Albanian population. [132] The Orthodox church claimed that from its own calculations, the Orthodox percentage should have been around 24%, rather than 6.75%. Landet gränsar till Montenegro och Kosovo i norr, Nordmakedonien i öst och Grekland i sydost. Christian bishops from what would later become eastern Albania took part in the First Council of Nicaea. Church legislation of the Albanians was reformed by Clement XI, who convoked a general ecclesiastical visitation, held in 1763 by the Archbishop of Antivari, by the end of which a national synod was held. There is a significant number of private and public well dispersed in the major cities of Albania. Spiritualism: the belief that souls and spirits communicate with the living usually through intermediaries called mediums.Syncretic (fusion of diverse religious beliefs and practices) Cao Dai: a nationalistic Vietnamese sect, officially established in 1926, that draws practices and precepts from Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and Catholicism. [92], Albanian national revivalists in the 19th century such as Faik Konica, Jani Vreto and Zef Jubani were often anti-clerical in rhetoric (Konica said in 1897: "Every faith religion makes me puke", or Albanian: Më vjen për të vjellur nga çdo fe),[93] but the first advocate of atheism in modern Albania is thought to have been Ismet Toto, a publicist and revolutionary[94] whose 1934 anti-religious polemic, Grindje me klerin, was one of the first known works advocating against the practice of religion itself in the Albanian language. Page 12. Page 86: "In 1739, twenty-five villages in Thesprotia were forced to convert to Islam en masse. Christianity was declared by 16.99% of the population, making it the 2nd largest religion in the country. Skanderbeg gilt als Nationalheld, denn er führte zwischen 1443 und 1468 Aufstände gegen das Osmanische Reich an, das damit begann, albanische Gebiete zu unterwerfen. After the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople lost in 1870 jurisdictional control over the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire, the Patriarchate did not desire further schisms within its ranks. The first Albanian Halveti tekke however was in Ioannina, now Greece. [54], Originally under the monarchy, institutions of all confessions were put under state control. Affitto / acquisto casa. Nel censimento del 2011 la religione maggiormente accreditata in Albania è l'Islam, con il 56,7% della popolazione è credente nella religione fondata da Maometto, a seguire il cristianesimo cattolico (10,03%), il cristianesimo ortodosso (6,75%) e Bekthasis (2,09%). Ortodokse Jul Tirsdag, Januar 7 2020-01-07. Atheism: the belief that there are no deities of any kind. [85], Over the course of World War II Albania saw its Jewish population increase. Tirana, Albania: Institute of History. A Sunni Muslim may elect to follow any one of these schools, as all are considered equally valid. [18], After the Fourth Crusade, a new wave of Catholic dioceses, churches and monasteries were founded, a number of different religious orders began spreading into the country, and papal missionaries traversed its territories. The goal of religious life is to learn to act so as to finally achieve liberation (moksha) of one's soul, escaping the rebirth cycle. At that period there were around seventeen Catholic bishoprics in the country, which acted not only as centers for Catholic reform within Albania, but also as centers for missionary activity in the neighboring areas, with the permission of the pope. Where does he want to die?" Rund 2,8 Millionen Menschen leben in Albanien. This period also saw the emergence of Albanian literature, written by Christians such as Pjetër Bogdani. Many "tekkes" (lodges) operate today in Albania. Wie Sie bei den Kriterien grade lesen konnten, kann das Produkt auf Amazon gekauft werden. Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or the Christian Gospels). Like many other Orthodox immigrants, they were predominantly young, illiterate, male peasants. [49][51] In Labëri, meanwhile, mass conversion took place during a famine in which the bishop of Himara and Delvina was said to have forbidden the people from breaking the fast and consuming milk under threat of interminable hell. In August 2012, a Pew Research study found that only 15% of the Muslim population for example, considers religion to be a very important factor in their lives, which was the lowest percentage in the world amongst countries with significant Muslim populations. However, much of his language, especially when he talks of forgiving the old Stalinist order rather than seeking revenge, is Christian. "Third Opinion on Albania, adopted on 23 November 2011. The classification of children of mixed marriages between Sunnis and Bektashis or the widespread phenomenon of both groups marrying Orthodox Albanians also have inconsistent classification and oftentimes the offspring of such unions associate with both of their parents' faiths and occasionally practice both. Believers faced harsh punishments, and many clergymen were killed. Many clergy and believers were tried, tortured, and executed. Shamanism: beliefs and practices promoting communication with the spiritual world. Chondogyo: or the religion of the Heavenly Way, is based on Korean shamanism, Buddhism, and Korean folk traditions, with some elements drawn from Christianity. [30], As a rule, Ottoman rule largely tolerated Christian subjects but it also discriminated against them, turning them into second-class citizens with much higher taxes and various legal restrictions like being unable to take Muslims to court, have horses, have weapons, or have houses overlooking those of Muslims. Christianity was later overshadowed by Islam, which became the predominant religion during the invasion from the Ottoman Empire from the 15th century until the year 1912. Kostandin Kristoforidhi also joined the Society to translate the Scriptures in both Geg and Tosk dialects. [143] In some cases communities declared that census workers never even contacted them. 3.600.523 personer, og den befolkningstilvækst var på ca. [126], Religiosity in Albania Taoism encourages a principle of non-force, or wu-wei, as the means to live harmoniously with the Tao. Mormons have a hierarchical religious leadership structure, and actively proselytize their faith; they are located primarily in the Americas and in a number of other Western countries. RELIGIONE CATTOLICA Anno Scolastico: 2019/2020 Insegnante: Tarozzi Silvia. Those who were not Catholic in Central and North Albania converted and a great number of Albanian clerics and monks were present in the Dalmatian Catholic institutions. Artister og sange; DMGP 2019; Interviews; Rainbow News. Tveit expressed this concern in letters issued at the beginning of May to the WCC president Archbishop Anastasios, to Prof. Dr Heiner Bielefeldt, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, and to the Albanian government. Albanien var det sidste land i Europa, som opgav kommunismen i 1991, da det kommunistiske styre blev opløst efter næsten 50 år. ), Hinduism is an extremely diverse set of beliefs and practices with no single founder or religious authority. 21.11.2020 14:25 Uhr Wildes Albanien Im Land der Adler | hr-fernsehen Albanien Religion Kaufen geht immer auch im klassischen Einzelhandelsgeschäft. It was reported in Albanian media that there were instances of pollsters telling respondents that the religion question would be filled out for them. Sunni has four schools of Islamic doctrine and law - Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali - which uniquely interpret the Hadith, or recorded oral traditions of Muhammad. [53] Religious tolerance in Albania was born of national expediency and a general lack of religious convictions. The first time that the question of religious oppression in Albania came before the United Nations' Commission on Human Rights at Geneva was as late as 7 March 1983. Albanien (albansk: Shqipëri/Shqipëria; ... Med tyrkernes ankomst, blev islam introduceret i Albanien som en tredje religion. Alawi faith: Another Shia sect of Islam, the name reflects followers' devotion to the religious authority of Ali. Christianity spread to urban centers in the region of Albania, at the time composed mostly Epirus Nova and part of south Illyricum, during the later period of Roman invasion and reached the region relatively early. [citation needed]. Page 19. In the Albanian census, a few of these areas, such as Skrapari and Dishnica, saw the Bektashi population mostly labeled "Bektashi" while in most other areas such as Kruja it was mostly labeled "Muslim". ‘’Besimet Fetare në Prefekturen e Elbasanit’’. One notable Martyr was Saint Astius, who was Bishop of Dyrrachium, who was crucified during the persecution of Christians by the Roman Emperor Trajan. [147][148][149][150], The Constitution extends freedom of religion to all citizens and the government generally respects this right in practice. Warum kann keiner so wie Albanien sein Albanien ist eher ein Land das religiös aufgeteilt ist, aber Religion gespaltet nie. Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs & Religions (Larousse: 1994); pg. Compra Das Verhältnis der Religionen in Albanien: Neue Perspektiven für die Europäische Union. [63] By May 1967, religious institutions had been forced to relinquish all 2,169 churches, mosques, cloisters, and shrines in Albania, many of which were converted into cultural centres for young people. Shintoism - A native animist tradition of Japan, Shinto practice is based upon the premise that every being and object has its own spirit or kami. Zhelyazkova, Antonina. Demografiske statistikker for Albanien er usikre, da der ikke foreligger officielle tal; de statistiske opgørelser i denne artikel er derfor baseret på esitimater. In regard to religion it is usually characterized as neither a belief nor non belief in a deity. The syncretic Bektashi sect, meanwhile, gained adherence across large parts of the South, especially Skrapari and Dishnica where it is the overwhelming majority. Agnosticism: the belief that most things are unknowable. in Vithkuq, Labove, Mesopotam, Dropull.[37]. The Albanian Greek Catholic Church exists in southern Albania and is under an Apostolic Administration. Albanien (på albanska Shqipëria, historiskt sett Arbëria), formellt Republiken Albanien (på albanska Republika e Shqipërisë), [1] är en republik på västra Balkanhalvön i sydöstra Europa. In modern Islam, Sunnis and Shia continue to have different views of acceptable schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and who is a proper Islamic religious authority. [72] Albania once numbered eighteen episcopal Sees, some of them having uninterrupted activity from the dawn of the Catholicism until today. Local communities have their own religious leadership. According to other older sources, up to 75 percent of the population in Albania has declared no religious affiliation since the early 1990s. Catholics believe the Pope is the divinely ordered head of the Church from a direct spiritual legacy of Jesus' apostle Peter. [68], The atheistic campaign had significant results especially to the Greek minority, since religion which was now criminalized was traditionally an integral part of its cultural life and identity.[69]. [72] One of the major legacies of nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule was that the majority of Albanians, had converted to Islam. Osswald, Brendan. Schnabel asserts that Paul probably preached in Shkodra and Durrës. The article was interpreted as violating The United Nations Charter (chapter 9, article 55) which declares that religious freedom is an inalienable human right. Other territories of the Kingdom of Albania became Catholic centers as well. Zum Vergleich: In Kroatien betrug die Kindersterblichkeit rund 0,47 Prozent und in Griechenland rund 0,45 Prozent. Formulated in the 1860s, it holds that God lives in all of us and strives to convert society into a paradise on earth, populated by believers transformed into intelligent moral beings with a high social conscience. Judaism - One of the first known monotheistic religions, likely dating to between 2000-1500 B.C., Judaism is the native faith of the Jewish people, based upon the belief in a covenant of responsibility between a sole omnipotent creator God and Abraham, the patriarch of Judaism's Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. "In his country." The Halveti order first started to spread in Southern Albania in the 16th century and gained many followers later. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Adriatiska havet och Joniska havet ligger väster om det albanska fastlandet. Efter en snabb tillväxt under många år har ekonomin stagnerat. Taoism - Chinese philosophy or religion based upon Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching, which centers on belief in the Tao, or the way, as the flow of the universe and the nature of things. They believe that a Kingdom of God, the Theocracy, will emerge following Armageddon and usher in a new earthly society. The bishopric of Vlore also converted immediately following the founding of the Kingdom of Albania. "He loves his country." New York, NY: Simon and Schuster ("Over 50% of Albanians claim 'no religious alliance.'") Il costo medio di affitto di una casa in Albania è di 273,82 euro (33.826,16 ALL), 438 euro più basso rispetto a quello italiano. [134][135][136][137] The Orthodox Church said that according to a questionnaire it gave its followers during two Sunday liturgies in urban centers such as Durrësi, Berati and Korça, only 34% of its followers were actually contacted. Sikhism emphasizes equality of humankind and disavows caste, class, or gender discrimination. In 1872, Pius IX convoked a second national synod at Shkodër, for the revival of the popular and ecclesiastical life. [121], However, even among those who declared themselves to be adherents of a religion, the majority of the population in Albania has a more secular interpretation of religion than that which would be found in other countries. All religious communities were prohibited from owning real estate and from operating philanthropic and welfare institutions and hospitals. Saldi! Considering that identity during the Ottoman centuries was defined primarily by religious affiliations, such questions in the post-Ottoman period loomed large in the burgeoning national and cultural identities. From the rest, 11 percent practiced it 1-2 times a week, while 5 percent practiced it everyday. Modern Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform/Liberal. The Three Jewels of the Tao - compassion, simplicity, and humility - serve as the basis for Taoist ethics. Only 56% of Albania is Muslim a big part of whom are just born that way and have no interest in religion. The remaining portion of the population is either irreligious or belongs to other religious groups.[111]. 19/02/2020 Secondo quanto riferito da Sam Amick di The Athletic, i L os Angeles Lakers p otrebbero essere interessati a firmare Moe Harkless in caso di buyout con i New York Knicks. [117] After the fall of state communism, in 1991 religious activities resumed. Among the Christians, 212,500 (18%) were Orthodox while 142,000 (12%) were Catholic. Sunni Muslims were estimated to represent approximately 50% of the country's population before 1939, while Bektashi represented another 20%. [143] Some Albanian commenters also argue that the census takers guessed religion based on the responders family names and that even the census responders did give an answer based on family origin and not actual religion. The monastery of the Franciscan order in Shkodër was set on fire, which resulted in the death of four elderly monks. It is supranational, and recognizes a hierarchical structure with the Pope, or Bishop of Rome, as its head, located at the Vatican. The key ethical tenets of Zoroastrianism expressed in its scripture, the Avesta, are based on a dualistic worldview where one may prevent chaos if one chooses to serve God and exercises good thoughts, good words, and good deeds. Albaniens befolkningstal var i juli 2007 på ca. Émigré clergymen were permitted to reenter the country in 1988 and officiate at religious services. Kemi frikë të kritikojmë", "Megjithëse ateist Blendi ka shkuar në haxh", "Frederik Rreshpja: MoikomZeqo midis artit dhe shkencës - Shqiptarja.com", https://web.archive.org/web/20070614121944/http://www.membres.lycos.fr/instantanesdalbanie/image/dossierdepresse.pdf, "Europe :: Albania — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "Albanian faiths blend together after hard times", "Albania – Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 13 November 2012 ", https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00189819/document, "Infographic: The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity", https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR230/FR230.pdf, "Dataset Comparison – Albania in Period 1996–2005", "Dataset Comparison – Albania in Period 2006–2015", "Official Declaration: The results of the 2011 Census regarding the Orthodox Christians in Albania are totally incorrect and unacceptable", "Final census findings lead to concerns over accuracy", "AK- Nishanit: Hiqi 'Urdhrin e Skënderbeut' Janullatosit, dekoro themeluesit e Kishës Autoqefale Shqiptare (LETRA)", "Prifti: Në Shqipëri ka një axhendë anti-ortodokse", "INTERVISTA/ Vangjel Dule: Autorët e censusit, manipulatorë të realitetit. Nowadays, estimations of the size of the irreligious population vary widely. Çarçani, Leonard (2007). ), and Western and Northeastern parts of the Vlora district. However, this division is not strict, particularly in many urban centers, which have mixed populations. The State of Religion Atlas. Bektashi-majority areas include Skrapari, Dishnica, Erseka and Bulqiza while Bektashis also have large, possibly majority concentrations in Kruja, Mallakastra, Tepelena, large pockets of the Gjirokastër and Delvina Districts (i.e. November 2020: Unabhängigkeitstag ; 29. Hinduism has many scriptures; the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad-Gita are among some of the most important. The Shia believe Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, was the only divinely ordained Imam (religious leader), while the Sunni maintain the first three caliphs after Muhammad were also legitimate authorities. "[62] A new decree that in effect targeted Albanians with Islamic and religiously-tinged Christian names stipulated that citizens whose names did not conform to "the political, ideological, or moral standards of the state" were to change them. ‘’Historical Studies’’ (in Albanian). Ismaili tradition awaits the return of the seventh Imam as the Mahdi, or Islamic messianic figure. Zhelyazkova, Antonina, ‘’Albanian identities’’, page 15. The Ministry of Education has the right to approve the curricula of religious schools to ensure their compliance with national education standards while the State Committee on Cults oversees implementation. Some of these Christian Albanian thinkers, like Bogdani himself, ultimately advocated for an Albania outside of Ottoman control, and at the end of the 17th century, Bogdani and his colleague Raspasani, raised an army of thousands of Kosovar Albanians in support of the Austrians in the Great Turkish War. Albania was divided ecclesiastically into several archiepiscopal provinces: The last two archiepiscopal provinces did not have any suffragans, and depended directly on the Holy See. Protestant Christianity: Protestant Christianity originated in the 16th century as an attempt to reform Roman Catholicism's practices, dogma, and theology. Marmullaku, ‘’Albania and the Albanians’’. [34] In the 1570s, a concerted effort by Ottoman rulers to convert the native population to Islam in order to stop the occurrence of seasonal rebellions began in Elbasan and Reka. Modekngei: a hybrid of Christianity and ancient Palauan culture and oral traditions founded around 1915 on the island of Babeldaob. But the hierarchy on the other hand was quite supportive, with the apostolic delegate seeing it as a possibility to give more freedom to Albanians who wanted to become Catholic. In the early 19th century, in accordance with the Protestant practice of making the Scriptures available to all people in their common tongue, the British and Foreign Bible Society began to make plans for the translation, printing, and distribution of the New Testament in Albanian. [47] The widespread survival of Catholicism in northern Albania is largely attributable to the activity of the Franciscan order in the area[43], In addition to Catholicism and Sunni Islam, there were pockets of Orthodox (some of whom had converted from Catholicism) in Kavajë, Durrës, Upper Reka and some other regions, while Bektashis became established in Kruja, Luma, Bulqiza, Tetova, and Gjakova. zur lage in deutschland 18.Dez 2020 Weltoffenheit ist Kanzlersache Verhaftet die üblichen Verdächtigen», mit diesem Satz des Polizeichefs Renault endet der ikonische Ingmar Bergman/ Humphrey Bogart-Film Casablanca.
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